Wednesday, August 20, 2025

XX/Judgement - Twin Pentode Waveshaper

 I originally designed this circuit back in 2021. It was built from the schematic and I verified its function on 27 June 2021. I originally posted this to the Look Mum No Computer forums. That diagram was a fucking disaster. It is seriously the worst. It is a jumbled fuck-fest of nonsense and I can not believe that I made that and thought, 'yeah, this is legible! this makes sense! i will share this!'

Anyway, I redid the diagram and posted it in that thread and I am also posting it here.

Click through for full size.

How does it work? 

I don't have a clue, honestly, but I will try to lay out my thought process.

I originally wanted to make something using this tube because the Metasonix RK2 XS-VCA uses it. Since it uses the single tube, I figured it would be an easy point to start experimenting. I also wanted to make something that would run on a standard Eurorack power supply, because this was going to be a Kosmo-format module (For more information on Kosmo format, click here to read about it on the Look Mum No Computer website. In short, the format was created by Sam Battle and it is superior to Eurorack. Eurorack sucks. Eurorack is for babies. I hate Eurorack.).

Anyway - the RK2 uses a 15LE8 but at the time I decided to get the 10-volt heater version instead, the 10LE8. Why? It is inexplicable. I have no idea, it was four years ago. Any of them will work for this so long as you accommodate the heater requirements.

The 15/10/6LE8 is called a 'twin pentode' in the General Electric tube manual. I will quote the (frankly, far superior General Electric) datasheet verbatim:

    "The 6LE8 is a miniature twin pentode having separate plates and number-3 grids for the two sections with a common screen, number-1 grid, and cathode. It is primarily designed for use as a color demodulator in color television receivers.
    The high current of the 6LE8 provides enough voltage output to drive the grids of color picture tubes without further amplification. The common screen grid provides internal matrixing of the red and blue information to provide sufficient drive to the green gun.
    The characteristics of the 6LE8 are such that it may be used in either of two modes; (1) the chroma information to grid number 1 and two phases of reference signal to the two number-3 grids, or (2) reference signal to grid number 1 and two different phases of chroma information to the two number-3 grids."

Reading this, I latched onto the third paragraph pretty hard. That sounded interesting to me. Like something I could exploit or fuck with. In my head, I substituted 'chroma information' for 'CV signals' and 'reference signal' for 'audio signal.' With that in mind I concocted this monstrosity. I do not have any explanation as to why or how I picked the component values I did. I think it was literally just trial and error, and once it sounded suitably fucking evil I said 'good enough for rock and roll' and that was that.

There is an old Youtube video I made of it here.

There is also a stripboard layout I made for it, before I learned that DC-DC boost/buck converters were a thing - it has an LM350 on it for the heater on a 10LE8. Stupid. Just use a boost or buck converter module. If you need the stripboard layout you can find it in the forum post I linked above.

The best part is that I can point to this circuit as a good starting point for anyone wanting to get into tubes for synths and modules. It runs on 12 volts and uses a tube that is fairly easy to get for a decent price, at least in the States. 

One of the most frequent questions I got regarding this module was whether or not another tube could be used - the answer is no. The xLE8 is a unique beast. I am not aware of any other tube like it.

Sunday, August 17, 2025

Metasonix diagrams

 Just posted all of the Metasonix schematics and diagrams I have completed thus far. Every single one was built from the diagram and every function was verified to work as described in the appropriate manual for the equipment, to the best of my knowledge. I compiled them all into the sidebar. They are also on my Github here.

I am still working through the remaining modules that have drawings publicly available:

  • TM-2 Vacuum-Tube Dual Bandpass Filter and VCA
  • TM-5 All Pentode Guitar Preamp
  • TM-7 Scrotum Smasher
  • R-53 Ringmod/Waveshaper
Any modules not in this list do not have any available drawings, and I will not go out of my way to either get them or make them, unless that changes.

Saturday, August 16, 2025

On repetition, anal probes, and cunt boxes

I just want to write this out, for my own sake more than anything else but maybe it'll inspire someone, somewhere.

I've been on somewhat of a self-guided tube electronics 'learning program,' if you need a term for it. I've been studying all kinds of shit. Most of it I don't really understand, but I've been able to fill in gaps in my knowledge (mostly math) using even MORE books. And when I say 'books,' I mean physical books. I have a growing collection of textbooks from the early 1940's up to the early 1970's relating to vacuum tube technology, principles, circuitry, design, and standards of practice. I take what I can from them and compare them to designs I am inspired by (Hello, Eric Barbour) and look for differences and similarities. Then I would construct a circuit and fuck with it by changing component values, etc to see what happens... That's the best way for me to learn, personally (for reference, I have never been to college. I have a high school diploma. I was an aircraft electrician in the US Air Force and I have been working as an industrial mechanic for the last 11 years). 

Along with the books, I would be remiss if I did not mention three specific individuals - Uncle DougTerry at D-Lab Electronics, and probably the most influential - Tom at tomtektest. Tom has not posted a new video in several years and I worry that he may no longer be with us as he was clearly getting on in age but I am forever grateful that he immortalized his knowledge and wisdom in video form. His videos, followed by Uncle Dougs videos, contributed more to my understanding of tubes and gave me a bedrock of knowledge to build on with the books. It is truly a wonderful time to be into valve electronics and this sort of thing, the amount of knowledge that is freely shared on the subject is staggering and almost overwhelming. The books I have are ones that I originally got (free) PDF copies of from World Radio History or Tubebooks - I liked the books enough to buy physical copies because I fucking hate reading from a screen. I need an actual book to thumb through.

My whole journey into the wild and wonderful world of Metasonix began, like many others, with my long-standing love affair with the Doom series of video games, the soundtrack to the 2016 reboot by Mick Gordon, and his now well-known use of Metasonix gear. It's a tale as old as time at this point.

I wanted some Metasonix shit. BAD. Problem was, Metasonix is expensive (and rightfully so, I do not believe Eric charges an unfair price whatsoever). At the time, I had also just started getting into building synth modules, and had built several modules for my Kosmo-format synth. I found all of the Metasonix and Eric Barbour errata on the Internet relating to synth DIY with tubes, and all of his diagrams he had posted on Modwiggler - but I had no fucking clue what the hell I was looking at. People had tried (and failed miserably) to take his drawings and make workable diagrams from them. I wanted to be able to read Eric's drawings and fill in the blanks myself, without having to pester the man with questions. I wanted to be able to take the information available to me - the diagrams, the operator manuals that Eric wrote that went into some high-level detail about how each box worked, the wealth of decades of recorded knowledge regarding electronics and design - and be able to put together a complete diagram of each effect that Eric had shared.

With that end-goal in mind, I started trying to fill in those gaps in my knowledge. I also still wanted some gnarly tube effects... I had seen demos of the RK2 and saw that it used one tube, and my very limited (more limited than now) knowledge at the time told me that might be the simplest thing to try to replicate. I couldn't find any 15LE8s, but I got a sleeve of 10LE8s and tried to see what I could do at 12V because I didn't have any higher voltage power supplies at the time. I cobbled together a VCA distortion thing. To my absolute surprise, at 12V, my hacked-together redneck shit-show of a circuit worked great and sounded evil as fuck, which was EXACTLY WHAT I WANTED. It did all kinds of weird shit. Not only did it distort the ever-living fuck out of whatever I put through it, it burst into a series of pulses that sounded almost like an arpeggio and it did that at completely random times depending on what signal was going where. I couldn't fucking believe it. Holy shit. 

I wanted to make a standalone version of this thing because I felt like there was a lot more I could do with it, but I didn't know where to start. So I decided to go the easy route and build a Metasonix TS-21 Hellfire Modulator. You know, just a simple little project. Real easy and straightforward. Sarcasm aside, the process of trying to decipher the late 90's MS Paint wiring diagram for the TS-21 that was online (no hate - the man is showing the world how he made these one-of-a-kind monstrosities, I will not complain), cross-referencing other information, etc. was a great learning experience for me - although, I still have no idea if it works the way it's supposed to. There are hardly any demos of it online. Like all other Metasonix equipment, it does things to sound that were never meant to be done, using tools that were never meant to be used for the purpose (which is entirely the fucking point).

After I built the TS-21, I felt brave enough to try finishing my stand-alone 10LE8 box. This turned into a multi-year ordeal. I have a plethora of excuses - I have a very physically and mentally demanding day job, I was battling with reoccurring life-long depression because the medication I had been taking for 10 years was losing effectiveness, my grandpa died, all kinds of shit. Also, I have several other hobbies because - to paraphrase Bill Burr - if my mind and hands aren't constantly occupied then they go to dark fucking places. In summary  -  life happened. But I managed to keep reading and keep studying anything and everything related to tubes that I could get my hands on, and I would tinker with this design here and there. Eventually, I cobbled it together and the first god-awful electronic screaming to come from it happened in 2023.
 
Earlier this summer, for some reason, I felt that I had learned enough that I was ready. I was finally ready to take on the task that I had set for myself as a goal way back when. I was ready to start making Metasonix TM and TX modules. I started with the TX-1 Vacuum-Tube Agonizer, and that went well - it worked great and I even got the closest thing to straight honest praise I have ever seen or heard from Eric himself, which... you know, senpai noticed me. So that was nice.
 
After that I did the TX-3, the TX-2, the TM-1, and I just recently finished up the TM-3 Thyratron VCO. I started the TX-1 at the beginning of May of this year, so over the course of almost 3 months I have gone through the process of making a diagram based on one of Eric's drawings, filling in blanks using the manuals (for example, the TX-2 drawing doesn't show the LFO circuit or the stereo output that is mentioned in the manual), then building the actual thing on my bench using my diagram, making sure it actually works and then fixing the diagram as needed. 

This whole process has been INCREDIBLY fruitful for me - there is no better way to learn a thing, than to do the thing. Over and over. I have learned how to use Kicad. My point-to-point construction technique has gotten significantly better. My ability to read and interpret schematics in general has improved. My understanding of all sorts of things - not just tube related, but also relating to solid state building blocks using op-amps and transistors - has improved dramatically. I have learned more over the last three months since starting this Metasonix wiring diagram project than I think I learned in a year with just books and occasionally building circuits.

As a result of this I have gone back to my standalone 10LE8 design and applied what I have learned to it. There are choices I made with it originally that, knowing what I know now, I am laughing at. Weird little issues that I wrote off as 'I guess that's a tube thing' I was able to fix because it was blindingly obvious what I fucked up (big example: the CV input to the 6LE8 on the original design was normally grounded. That's stupid, for obvious reasons. I fixed that). I will go more into the specifics in another post.




Sunday, November 17, 2024

Valvecaster

 Ah, the good old Valvecaster.

While I think it is a bad design, it is undeniable that it produces results for people who want to build with tubes, but are either afraid or ill-equipped to deal with all of the associated hazards and potential costs that come with them. I suspect that the majority of people who have built a Valvecaster have never built anything else that uses a tube, and that is totally fine.

There are plenty of forum posts that dissect and dismantle the hows, whys, and why-nots of the Valvecaster. I will not repeat all of those points here.

I did make a layout and a build of my own version, though. It uses the 12SN7 instead of the 12AX7/12AU17/12AT7 9-pin tube that is usually used. It also runs off of a 12-35 VDC power source and provides the proper voltage to the heaters. I have posted it here for anyone who wants to play with it.

Credit for this version of the design goes to the individual with the handle 'turkey101' on the DIYstompboxes forum, in his now-15-year-old post: here




Sunday, November 3, 2024

Safety words

As I will be documenting processes and methods of working with lethal voltages and hazardous equipment here, I believe that I have some modicum of responsibility for the safety of anyone who may stumble upon these pages and attempt to do these things for themselves. In that interest, I am going to make this post a single point of reference in all of my posts.

Background

I have been a mechanic of some variety for the last 17 years. Most of that time, I have been an industrial mechanic, however I have also been an aircraft electrician and a car mechanic. Suffice it to say that I have ample experience working with voltages up to 500 volts AC/750 volts DC, the risks involved, and safety measures to be taken to mitigate those risks as much as is practicable.

I realize that the majority of people who are going to be playing with the circuitry on this site are synthesizer DIY nerds, pedal builders, tinkers, and electronics hobbyists - none of which are going to have much experience (if any) working with voltages any higher than around 18 VDC... MAYBE 24VDC, or, if you're spicy, 48VDC. Which is totally fine - in our modern high-efficiency world, there is rare occasion for any consumer-level, entertainment electronics which would use voltages much higher than that.

But vacuum tubes are from the old days. And in the old days, everything used high voltages. The Philco model 40-180 radio that sat in many American living rooms (and with which many Americans received updates on the then-ongoing war) in the 1940s was putting out 270 volts AC from its power transformer. What's worse is that many, if not all, of these radios were equipped with non-polarized power plugs with the neutral soldered directly to the steel chassis inside the cabinet, with a small-value capacitor going from neutral to the chassis - in some cases, overly cautious designers would specify a capacitor from hot to chassis ground and neutral to chassis ground. These capacitors have become known as 'death caps' over time. Rob Robinette has a fantastic and thorough writeup (which I consider to be required reading for anyone getting into antique electronics) on the perils of these capacitors and what to do with them on his website - link is here. Another fantastic website by John Fuhring details the specifics of these hot chassis radios and is also HIGHLY recommended. 

The capacitor highlighted above is an example of the 'death cap' that is endemic in antique electronic circuitry. This example is from a Webcor reel-to-reel tape machine, manufactured and sold in the late 1950s.

To be an electronics hobbyist at this time meant that, unless you were strictly tinkering with battery-powered radio sets, dealing with dangerous AC voltages was part of the gig. The only time you would have comically low voltages of 12 volts was if you were dealing with getting power to the heater filaments of the tubes. (As an aside - if you went back in time and told anyone in the 1940's that you could create a 14 watt power amplifier, with no transformers or coils, that ran on 12 volts DC, they would think you were full of horseshit.)

As for the specific details of tube circuit safety - a lot of far more educated and eloquent people than I have written about safety over the years. I am going to list what I consider to be critically important pieces of literature and media regarding safety below. 

(if you are wondering why almost all of the information given is referring to guitar or stereo amplifiers, and whether or not that distinction applies, you are not educated enough to be messing with this stuff. You have gaps in your knowledge that you must seek to fill first.)

REQUIRED READING


(Uncle Doug is a fucking treasure. If you are learning about tubes, you REALLY should watch all of the videos on his channel. The way the man explains how these things work is easy to understand and he is an incredible teacher)